, Ladies and Gentlemen!
The Chamber of Deputies is pleased to introduce the report 'Women in the institutions', drafted by Professor Marina Calloni and Lorella Cedroni, organized by the Chamber of Deputies.
greet the President of the Foundation, Fausto Bertinotti, and guests: the journalist Lucia Annunziata, the Secretary General of the CGIL, Susanna Camusso, the Vice-President of Confindustria, Chris Coppola, Youth Minister Giorgia Meloni .
Today's meeting takes place on the eve of 8 March, International Women's Day, a day during which we explore the key issues relating to the achievements of women and therefore the issues relating to the denial of rights which is manifested by the lack of women in key areas of civil and political society.
valuable The present report shows that in the first place because every day is necessary to promote positive action for social inclusion. Not surprisingly, in America on March 8 is International Day of Action called for women. One difference in terminology not only witnessing a different cultural approach, certainly more pragmatic and less rhetorical than Italian one.
on 8 March this year, however, takes a very unique and different connotation than in the past in the light of the celebrations of the 150th anniversary of the Unification of Italy for which many women have fought . And I think it would be important to provide specific initiatives on the role women have played for the Unification of Italy.
On the issue we face today, gender equality, are facing all the governments of the Old Continent and the European institutions involved in the case to remove the remaining obstacles to the achievement of effective gender equality.
Because the problem of gender equality is a weak point for full democratic participation, not only for Italy. Just to stay in Europe, just two weeks ago, British Prime Minister David Cameron said he wanted the 25 for center for women in all the boards of large companies by 2015.
It is a cultural challenge that transcends national boundaries. As has been rightly pointed out in the report 'the representation of women in political institutions is one of the most debated topics at the international level "(p.3). But the problem - reads the paper-not only formal, ie the quantitative aspect of an equal number of women, the problem is substantial and quality.
There is no doubt that our country suffered a gap with the European average, a gap that increases between North and South of Italy are much more numerous parliamentarians from North that the Centre-south (with the exception of Lazio). A difference on which it is necessary to reflect not only from a political point of view but also from a cultural point of view, promoting a new civic consciousness in the South entrusting more responsibility to women in institutions and work. Not surprisingly, the disaffection turnout affects women more southern regions.
Italy can not continue to afford further delays in the objective of reaching the 'real equality of rights between the sexes. It would be a betrayal of the values \u200b\u200bthat inspired the struggles of many women who fought for the unification of Italy and its rebirth after the rubble of World War II.
I personally think that the main responsibility of this institutional gap in representation - and more - for women is that politics is not always been up to this challenge.
than in the past many milestones have been achieved, but it is worth emphasizing-in-under many difficult battles, not for the vision of politics and its leaders for the most part - as now - Gender male.
The presence of women as influential to today's conference shows, however, as in culture, politics, work, entrepreneurship women can gain positions of leadership also in 'environmental conditions' if unfavorable not tend to be hostile. I am not referring only to the lack of policies reconciliation in which Italy suffered a chronic lag behind the European average, I am referring especially to that silent and remaining silent, often denied, but the existing selection criteria because of which, of equal merit, a man has greater possibilities for advancement compared to a woman.
Yet statistics show that: women are more successful in his studies, graduating with first and higher ratings than men. But considering his salary as a parameter of evaluation of equal opportunities, women managers earn about 12 percent less than their colleagues. And an even more daunting because it is tied to motherhood: three out of four women managers have no children. For working women, the situation is not much better, and in certain manufacturing sectors worsened dramatically.
It is perhaps appropriate to ask how this depends on a deliberate choice, or whether it is a choice driven by a social context very oriented to the exploitation of women.
seems to me that in Italy, especially in the political-cultural debate, there is a clear gap on this issue between those who believe in the virtue 'therapeutic' laws in the promotion of social change - such as those needed for Equal Opportunities - And vice versa who believes in the name dell'autoderminazione, that the merits will always prevail at the end and then it is not necessary to establish mandatory standards.
I think that both locations contain the truth and that the comparison between the two approaches is sterile, unproductive.
It seems clear that one can not deny a priori the pedagogical virtues of the rule, because if women today were not protected by law, with specific measures, including the challenged gender quotas, policies in their favor remain mere petitions of principle and would be less effective.
Moreover, in support of this thesis, just read the report we are presenting. Since 1946 - the year in which women participated for the first time to vote-now there has been a slow increase, dotted with many setbacks and reversals, the presence of women in Parliament.
the Constituent Assembly were elected 21 women to whom we express our gratitude. I would like to mention them all, I will only mention two: Mr Nilde Jotti, the first woman Speaker of the House, and Senator Angela Merlin, the one who proposed the bill for "the repeal of the regulation of prostitution and the fight against exploitation the prostitution of others ", which became law in 1958: fifty-three years ago.
Even the political sensitivity of those 21 women should be the clear perfection of those articles of the Constitution directed to the protection of women and their dignity. There are many, some are particularly significant: the art. 3: ' all citizens have equal social dignity and are equal before the law without distinction of sex (...)'; art. 29 states that "equality moral and legal equality of spouses 'art. 37, once said that "the Working women have equal rights and equal work, the same wages as a worker. Working conditions must allow women to fulfill their essential role in the family and ensure the mother and child a special and adequate protection . I think the relevance of these words is clear to everyone.
These principles established 60 years ago, but who keep all their relevant because, perfectly describe the multiple roles that women must play in its social life, knowing that only through equal rights and opportunities for women can fully reconcile work and family.
The principles of equal access and equal opportunity (as set out in Articles 117 and 51) were introduced only a century later (in 2001 and 2003).
on female representation in Parliament, we must remember conclusively a positive note. With the 2008 elections has reached the best result of women's representation: one hundred and ten women elected to the Chamber of Deputies and forty-six in the Senate.
what are the new frontiers to overcome gender discrimination and promoting equality of opportunity? I am convinced that the new frontiers are the quality of life for many working mothers: the flexibility of working time, and reintegration into the labor market after maternity leave, strong expansion of nurseries in all forms of public and private associations, the introduction of splitting income.
action that should be done with perseverance and never forget that freedom of the most authentic woman always passes through the respect in the first place the dignity and complexity.
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